BROJEN DAS

Letter to Editor for class – X and XII 2021

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

Write a Letter to the Editor of an English daily complaining about the reckless driving on the roads.

The Editor,

The Telegraph

Kolkata-700001

Sub: About the reckless driving on the roads.

Sir,

I shall be highly obliged if you kindly allow me a little space in your popular daily to express my views about reckless driving on the roads.

In India, there are countless vehicles on the roads. From the newspaper, we get to know that many passengers and pedestrians die in accidents for reckless driving on the roads. Young drivers do not follow the traffic rules. They always try to overtake one another. Then, they lose control over their vehicles such as bikes, buses, lorries, etc and meet with accidents.

Therefore, I hope that you would kindly publish our deep and serious concern over the matter mentioned above in your popular English daily and draw the attention of the government for taking some effective steps against it.

Thanking you, yours sincerely,

Samiran Das

Jiaganj, Murshidabad.

Date: 06/06/2021.

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BODY OF THE LETTER

2. Indiscriminate use of microphones.

Nowadays, the reckless use of microphones has become almost a custom in our social life. It is used in marriage ceremonies, religious festivals, Street corners, meetings, picnics, etc. The users of microphones sometimes go to such an extent that they have lost their civic sense. Students and the examiners cannot concentrate on their studies are revise their studies before the exam. The patients are sometimes become victims of psychological imbalance. The users know very well the orders of the high court about the restriction of sound limitations. Yet they always violate the rules.

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3. Nuisance of bursting crackers during festivals particularly during Kali Puja.

We are all aware that sound pollution is responsible for deafness and psychological imbalance. It is often seen that crackers are brushed during festivals particularly during the Kali Puja for hours together by people to express their various feelings and emotions of joy. While brushing crackers indiscriminately, they forget that the children and the aged people cannot tolerate the sound at all. people with heart problems suffer the most. Even babies are affected by people who burst crackers.

4. Inconvenience caused by frequent load shedding in your locality.

Every day in our locality, frequent power cuts for long hours have raised many problems due to the load shedding. water supply is affected and the taps in houses run dry. At nightfall, people face greater problems. Doing household activities in the light from a candle or lamp become utterly intolerable. People sweat badly as electric fans stop moving. The students especially those who are examiners are most sufferers.

5. Complaining against Anti-social activities in your locality.

For a few months Anti-social activities are increasing in our locality there is hardly any day which passes without the accident of kidnapping, murder, theft, robbery, etc. The locality is entirely in the grip of hooligans. A couple of days ago, a group of robbers broke into the house of a renowned businessman and took away all the valuable things from his house at gunpoint. The incident has created a great panic among the people here. They do not open their mouths for fear of losing their lives. Girls do not dare to come out in the evening alone. We have already lodged many complaints with the local police but they are careless regarding our complaints.

6. Dengue

There has been an outbreak of dengue recently in our locality. Many are now down with dengue and the number is increasing rapidly day by day. The open drainage system, stagnant water in the lower areas, and the heap of garbage have made our locality an ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes. we have appealed to our civic chief repeatedly but the authority has turned a deaf ear to our request.

7. Plastic bags and Cups

We live in the age of science. we enjoy many blessings of science in our daily life but sometimes many like plastic bags and cups of these blessings cause hamper to our environment. we use plastic bags and cups regularly on many occasions like marriage ceremonies, picnics, Birthday parties, festivals, etc. We use plastic bags and cups and throw them into drains, ponds, and fields. So, the water of the drains and ponds is polluted. The fields become barren. Poisonous gas is produced if we burn plastic bags and cups. so, these are gradually destroying our Earth.

8. Irregular clearance of garbage.

We are the residents of Debipur under Jiaganj Azimganj Municipality. about 6 months, the residents of our locality have been suffering a lot due to the negligence of municipal authorities. The garbage in our locality is dumped by the side of the road and it is regret to say that it is hardly cleared. The garbage emits a foul smell which is very harmful to the residents. The mosquitoes and flies are increasing many diseases among the residents.

9. High price of essential commodities.

The high price of essential commodities has increased the misery of the common people. It is a great matter of concern for the people who belong to the poor or lower-middle classes.

The price of rice, potatoes, onions, groceries, vegetables, fish, meat, clothes, medicines, petrol, diesel, etc is increasing day by day. We have seen the higher price of onion during the lockdown. Especially the price of medicines and baby foods adds misery to the lower middle class and the poor people. The daily earners like laborers, Masons, fishmonger, rishkaw puller, etc are the worst sufferers.

10. Bad condition of the local hospital.

The condition of our local hospital is truly pathetic. It is often seen that the outdoor patients would have to wait for a long time. Doctors are irregular as they are busy with their private chambers or Nursing Homes. The behaviour of the nurses towards the patients is very rude and inhuman. Poor quality of food is served to the patients. Sometimes dogs are seen scattering in the hospital. It can fearlessly be said that an unhygienic atmosphere prevails in the hospital.

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SPOKEN ENGLISH / SPOKEN ENGLISH CONVERSATION

CLASS-1

Conversation between the parent and the tutor.

Mr. Raj(Father): Hello I am Anal’s father. How is Anal doing in Math, teacher?

Tutor: He is performing pretty well. You should not worry.

Mr. Raj: Please try to make him work hard for math and give him a lot of homework. Please Don’t let him play and more. I sometimes see him playing cricket with friends.

Tutor: Sir, to be honest with you, playing also plays an important role to develop the brain.

Mr. Raj: Actually, I want to see him on the merit list this year. That is why I said so.

Tutor: I did not let him play more than two hours a day. Did he request you to bring a practice set?

Mr. Raj: No, He didn’t tell me to bring that.

Tutor: Sir, please don’t mind. He might forget to tell you. You know very well that human being makes mistakes.

Mr. Raj: it’s alright.

Tutor: I want him get more than 90 % marks in Maths too. So I told him not to play online games at all.

Mr. Raj: His mother was very much anxious about this.

Tutor: It’s a matter of concern. Anyhow, playing the online game should be stopped immediately.

Mr. Raj: Thank you so much for your valuable suggestions I will try to keep him aside from the phone.

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Story writing for class IX and X/ story writing madhyamik 2021.

STORY WRITING

What is story writing?

Story writing is a piece of writing which has a moral lesson presented through some imaginary personified characters.

How to write a story writing:

1. A title should be given in capital letters at the top of the writing.

2. Hints should be used orderly one after another.

3. Students can write one or two sentences of there own imagination if necessary.

4. A moral should be written at the end of the story.

5. Stories are generally written in past tense but present tense may also be used in sentences of direct speech.

1. Write a story with the help of the following points and add a suitable title:

POINTS : an ant fell into a river – saved by a dove who dropped a leaf from a tree on the bank —-a hunter came aimed to shoot the bird —the ant bit him in his foot —-the hunter missed the target – the dove escaped.

THE ANT AND THE DOVE

Once an ant lived on the bank of a river. One day it was searching for food. It suddenly slipped into water. It tried to get up but could not. Its life was in danger. A dove lived in a tree on the river bank. The dove saw the ant struggling helplessly. It took pity on the ant . It took a leaf without delay and dropped it down into the water. The ant got on the leaf and saved itself. The next day, the ant was gathering its food there. It saw a cruel hunter standing nearby. He was aiming at that dove with his gun. When the hunter was about to shoot, the ant bit his foot. The hunter felt pain and missed the target. The dove flew off at once. Thus, the ant finally saved the the life of dove.

Moral: if you do good , one day good will come to you.

2. Write a story with the following points given below:

POINTS : a thirsty crow saw a jar—- only a little water at the bottom—– could not drink water – tried to turn down the jar — in vain –– hit upon a plan –– dropped stones into the jar water rose up – the crow drank his fill—-flew away.

THE CROW AND THE JAR

Once a crow became very thirsty. He was in search of water. He did not find water anywhere. After a long time, he found a jar. He flew to it. He found to his dismay that there was only a little water at the bottom of the jar. He tried and tried to turn down the jar. His attempts were in vain. “How can I get the water ?” said the crow to himself

. The crow was clever. He made a plan. He saw some small stones lying near. He said to himself, “I’ll drop the stones one by one into the jar.” He picked the stones up in his beak and dropped them one by one into the jar. The water rose higher and higher. After sometime, the water came up just to the mouth of the jar. The water was in his reach then. He drank it to his heart’s content and flew away from there.

Moral: if you have a strong will power, you must achieve that.

3. Write a story with the help of the following points and add a suitable title:

POINTS : a grasshopper – hungry in winter – went to an ant hopping – begged grains of corn – the ant enquired, “What did you do in summer ?” – the reply of the grasshopper, ‘I sang’ – ‘Now dance’ said the ant.

THE GRASSHOPPER AND THE ANT

It was winter. A grasshopper was in great problem. He had no food stored. He was really hungry. He could not bear starvation anymore. He had been starving for many days. So, he went to an ant hopping. He said to the ant, “My dear friend, would you kindly give me a few grains of corn ? I’m suffering from starvation.” The ant said, “What did you do in summer ? Didn’t you save something for winter ?” The grasshopper said, “I never thought anything like that. All the summer I passed my days in singing.” The ant became angry. He said to the grasshopper, “What would you do now ? Now dance all day.” The grasshopper realized the truth. He also realised that he was responsible for his own deed.

Moral: There is always a reward for those who work hard.

5.Write a story with the help of the following points and add a suitable title:

POINTS : a lion’s sleep disturbed by a mouse —-lion caught the mouse and about to kill him – the mouse begged for mercy – lion freed him – lion caught in a trap and roared —-the mouse heard – cut the net into pieces – saved by the mouse.

THE LION AND THE MOUSE

Once a lion was sleeping in a forest. His sleep was disturbed by a mouse. The lion woke up angrily. He caught hold of the mouse and was about to kill him. Then, the poor mouse pleaded, “My lord, don’t kill me, please. Someday I’ll repay your kindness.” The lion took pity on the mouse and let him go. After few days, the lion was caught in a hunter’s net. He began to roar loudly in rage. The mouse heard the roar. He ran to the spot. Reaching the spot, the mouse said, “My lord, I’m at your service.” He began to cut the net with his sharp teeth. He cut the net into pieces. Thus, the lion was set free. The lion finally and that he is his real friend. He was very thankful to him.”

Moral: Help others selflessly and one day you will get it back.

6.Write a story with the help of the following points and add a suitable title:

POINTS : a wood-cutter cutting wood near a river – axe falls into water

water- he was crying—-god appears with a golden axe – wood-cutter refuses —-god appears with a silver axe – refused by the wood-cutter – god comes with iron axe owned by the wood cutter —-the wood-cutter pleased all the axes given by the god as gift.

THE WOOD-CUTTER AND THE RIVER-GOD

One day a wood-cutter was cutting wood by the side of a river. Suddenly his axe slipped from his hands. It fell into the water. The wood-cutter began to cry as it was his only axe. The river-god was moved by his cry. He appeared before him and asked, “Why’re you crying ?” “I’ve lost my axe,” said the wood-cutter. The god appeared with a golden axe and asked, “Is it yours ?” ‘No,’ replied the wood-cutter. The god dipped into the water and came with a silver one. The god said, “Is it your axe ?” The wood-cutter replied, “No, it isn’t mine”. At last, the rivergod brought his iron-axe. The wood-cutter was pleased to see his axe. He said, “Yes, It’s mine.” The river-god was extremely pleased with the wood-cutter at his honesty. He rewarded the woodcutter with all the axes.

Moral: if you are honest, you must be awarded.

7. Write a story with the help of the following points and add a suitable title :

POINTS : a cap-seller with a bag of caps for sale — he feels tired —- fell asleep—-awoke —-saw caps gone – monkeys in the tree wearing caps – cap-seller failed to catch them – threw off his own cap in despair – monkeys also threw off – cap-seller got them back.

THE CAP-SELLER AND THE MONKEYS

There was a poor cap-seller. He earned his living by selling caps. He walked from village to village for selling caps. On the eventful day he had a bag of caps with him. He felt tired and sat at the foot of a tree to take rest. He kept the bag of caps by his side and soon fell asleep. He also had a cap on his head. When he woke up, he saw that the monkeys on the tree were wearing all his caps. He said to himself, “What a strange ! How can I get back the caps ?” He made many efforts. All his efforts were in vain. Out of despair, he took off his own cap and threw it off. The monkeys at once imitated his gesture. They also threw their caps off in the air. The cap-seller collected all the caps in delight and went away happily.

Moral: wisdom is mightier than the weapon.

8. Write a story with the help of the following points and add a suitable title :

Paints: A woman’s son dead-deeply shocked—to Lord Buddha to bring back life—Lord asked her to bring mustard seed where death did not touch—went door to door—failed-back to Buddha-softened the sorrow.

LORD BUDDHA AND THE BEREAVED MOTHER

Once upon a time there lived a widow with her only son. She was very poor. One day, her son died. She was deeply shocked. Maddened by grief, she ran with her dead son to Lord Buddha and prayed him earnestly to give back life to her only son. Lord Buddha with a gentle smile on his face asked the woman to bring some mustard seed from such a house where no one had ever died. The woman went from door to door searching for such a handful of mustard seeds, but in vain. After a long search, she came back Buddha. Buddha did not give her any answer. She found the answer on her own. She realized that death is inevitable.

Moral: Reality is greater than emotion.

9. Write a story with the help of the following points and add a suitable title :

Points: A crow lived on a tree—a snake lived in a hole of the same tree—the snake ate up the young crows—the crow stole a necklace of the princess-dropped it into the snake’s hole—the king’s men followed the crow and traced the necklace—snake was killed

MOTHER CROW AND THE SNAKE

Once upon a time, there lived a mother crow in a tree. A snake also lived in a hole of the same tree. One day, in the absence of the mother crow, the snake ate up all the young crows in her nest. Finding it, the crow became very angry. She planned and stole a necklace of the princess. King’s men started to follow the crow. With the necklace the crow flew to the snake’s hole. In front of the royal men’s eyes, she dropped the necklace inside the hole and flew away. King’s army compelled to kill the snake to get the necklace back. Thus, the mother crow took the revenge.

Moral:Tit for tat.

10. Write a story with the help of the following points and add a suitable title :

Points: A sailor-lost way in storm-struggling in water—thrown on an island at daybreak-hungry and thirsty—sees coconut trees—unable to climb—finds monkeys on tree tops—throws stones-monkeys imitate—throw coconuts at him-gets both food and drink.

THE SAILOR AND HIS WIT

Once upon a time, in a sea voyage, a sailor lost his way in storm. He had to struggle a lot in the midst of that turbulent sea. At daybreak, he was thrown on an unknown island. He found none there. The sailor was hungry and thirsty. While searching food, he found a coconut tree full of fruit. He could not climb it. He found some monkeys in the tree. He started throwing stones at them. Monkeys are generally imitative by nature . They also started to throw coconuts at him. Thus , he got both the food and the drink and was saved then.

Moral: Anything can be achieved through intelligence.

11. Write a story with the help of the following points and add a suitable title :

Points: War broke out between England and France – an English soldier was imprisoned in France—released and returned homes and saw a bird-seller with cages full of birds—bought all the cages and set them free

THE SOLDIER AND CAGED BIRDS

Long time ago, war broke out between England and France. France defeated England after a hard battle. An English soldier was caught and imprisoned in France. Days passed. England and France signed a peace treaty. So the soldier in prison also was released. He was returning home. On the way, he found a bird-seller with many kinds of birds in cages with him. The caged birds gave him the reminder of his imprisoned days. He became shocked and bought all the birds from the seller. He then set them free in the sky. Now beautiful smile hovered in the face of the soldier.

Moral: Only a sufferer knows the pangs of sufferings.

12. Write a story with the help of the following points and add a suitable title :

[Points : Holding a piece of meat in its mouth a dog wanted to eat in a quiet place—it had to cross a stream—it saw its own reflection— it thought another dog with the same piece of meat—the dog wanted to get it—it barked—the piece of meat fell into water.]

THE DOG AND THE SHADOW

Once upon a time there was a greedy dog. One day, he stole a piece of meat out of a butcher’s shop. He wanted to eat it in a safe place . He came to a clear stream. There was a narrow wooden bridge over the stream. While crossing the stream across the bridge, he looked below and saw his own reflection in the water. He took it for another dog with a piece of meat in its mouth. Being greedy , the up dog decided to have that piece piece of meat too. He opened his mouth to grasp for the other dog’s meat and his own piece of meat was fallen into the water and was lost.

Moral : Try to be happy with what you have.

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Biography writing for madhyamik 2021/biography writing for class Ix & X.

BIOGRAPHY WRITING

What is a biography?

A biography is a kind of paragraph on the life of some famous personality whose life stories inspire us in many ways to progress in life.

How to write a biography:

1. Write the title in capital letters (about whom biography is to be written).

2. In biography writing, past tense is generally used.

3. An introductory sentence and concluding sentence must be used in a biography.

4. Biography writing follows a chronological order starting from birth to death.

5. All the given hints must be used to write the biography. Students can add one or two sentences.

1. Write a biography of Prafulla Chandra Roy, using the following points:

Points: Birth: 1861, Khulna, Bangladesh—-Education: village pathshala, Hare School, Albert School, Metropolitan College, went to London, B.Sc. from Edinburgh University, D.Sc.
also—professor of Presidency College (1889)—first to prepare Mercurous Nitrate in the laboratory (1896)–established Bengal Chemical (1901)—joined Science College as Palit Professor-Death: 1944.

PRAFULLA CHANDRA ROY

Prafulla Chandra Roy, a great scientist was born in 1861 in Khulna in Bangladesh. He received his primary education in the village pathshala. Then, coming to Kolkata, he was admitted to the Hare School and then to the Albert School. Later, he took higher education from the Metropolitan College. For further studies, he went to London and got his B.Sc and D.Sc degrees from Edinburgh University. Coming back to India, he joined the Presidency College as a professor. He was the first scientist in the world to prepare Mercurous Nitrate in the laboratory. Later, he established the Bengal Chemical for scientific research. He also joined the Science College as Palit Professor. This great son of India left us forever in 1944. He will be always remembered for his great contributions.

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2. Write a paragraph on Swami Vivekananda with the following points:

[Points : (a) Date of birth-12.01.1863 at Simla. (b) Father—Biswanath Dutta, a lawyer (c) Early name-Bile, Narendranath. (d) EducationPassed the Entrance Examination in the First Division from Metropolitan School, B.A. with Honours in Philosophy from Scottish Church College, Calcutta. (e) Turning points in life came in contact with Ramkrishna Paramahansabecame Sannyasi—travelled throughout India on foot—speech at the Parliament of Religion, Chicago. (vi) Works—Set up Ramkrishna Mission in 1897 and Belur Math in 1899.

SWAMI VIVEKANANDA

Swami Vivekananda was a monk of India with great wisdom and personality. He was born at Simla in North Calcutta on 12 January 1863. His father name was Biswanath Dutta, a renowned lawyer and his mother was Bhubaneswari Devi. His earlier name was Narendranath Dutta and his nickname was Bile. He was very reckless and spirited from his childhood. He passed the Entrance Examination in the First Division from the Metropolitan School. Thereafter, he graduated with Honours in Philosophy from the Scottish Church College, Calcutta in 1881. After that, he came in contact with Ramkrishna Paramhansa. This meeting with Ramkrishna brought a radical change in his life. He became a monk and later came to be known as Swami Vivekananda. He travelled all over India on foot. He attended the Parliament of Religion at Chicago. He set up the supremacy of the Hindu Religion. He established the Ramkrishna Mission in 1897 and the Belur Math in 1899. He was such a patriot who worked selflessly. He was a lover of mankind. This great man died on July 4, 1902, only at the age of 39. he will be always remembered for his Nobel works.

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3. Write a paragraph on KALPANA CHAWLA with the following points :

[Points : (a) Year of Birth—1961. (b) PlaceKarnal, Punjab (c) Parents-Banarasilal businessman-Father, Sanjothi-a housewife— her mother. (d) Early SchoolingTagore Balniketan in Karnal, Punjab. (e) Higher Education (1) Degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College. (2) 1984Master Degree-University of Texas (3) Doctorate-University of Colorado. (f) Career—(i) Joined NASA (ii) Selected Aeronaut-1994 (c) Maiden Space Flight 1977– with five other Aeronauts (g) Death-16th January 2003. Spaceship Columbia with Kalpana as one of the crew members crashed over Texas fifteen minutes before landing]

KALPANA CHAWLA

Kalpana Chawla was the first female astronaut of India. She was born in 1961 in Karnal in Punja. Her parents were Banarasilal , a businessman and her mother was Sanjothi , a housewife. Her early education started at Tagore Balniketan in Karnal, Punjab. From childhood, she dreamt of flying high in the sky. She obtained her degree in Aeronautical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College. In 1984, she obtained her Master Degree from Texas University. Later, she received a Doctorate Degree from the University of Colorado. She took American Citizenship and joined NASA to fulfill her dream. She made her maiden space flight in 1977 with five other astronauts successfully. Kalpana was selected for her next space flight. She along with her other crew members was about to come back on the earth in the US space Shuttle Columbia. But just fifteen minutes to land, Columbia crashed over Texas on the 16th of January 2003. Thus, the life of this brave girl came to an end.

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4. Write a biography of Mother Teresa, using the given points below:

Points: Birth: 2 August 1910 in Yugoslavia—Education: Govt. school, Albania—came to Kolkata at the age of 19—as a nun—training to be a nun—joined Loreto Convent as a teacher-left the convent to do something for the poor & downtrodden-set up ‘Nirmal Hriday’ in Kolkata—Nobel Peace Prize in 1979—awarded Bharat Ratna in 1980—Death: 5 September 1997.

MOTHER TERESA

Mother Teresa was born in Yugoslavia on 2 August 1910. But she chose to live and die as an Indian. She got her education in the Government School in Albania. At the age of nineteen only, she came to Kolkata as a nun to serve the destitute. After having trained for a nunnery, she joined the Loreto Convent. There she was a teacher. But she was interested to do something more for the poor and downtrodden. So, she left the convent and founded ‘Nirmal Hriday’, a philanthropic organization Her service to living Jesuses was acclaimed across the world. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and ‘Bharat Ratna’ in 1980. Mother Teresa died on 5 September 1997. Shiv will be always remembered for her truly sacred heart.

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5.Write a paragraph on Iswar chandra Vidyasagar based on the following points :

POINTS: Born: September 26, 1820, Birsingha, Paschim Medinipur – Parents: Thakurdas Bandopadhyay and Bhagabati Debi – Education: village pathshala, Sanskrit College Fought to abolish child marriage, Sati custom and to introduce widow marriage – Works: Betaal Panchabinsati, Bodhodoy, Upakramanika, Borno Porichoy, Sitar Bonobas, etc. Known as ‘the ocean of learning’ – Very kind – Known as “the ocean of kindness’ – Death: July 29, 1891.

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ISWARCHANDRA VIDYASAGAR

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was one of the great men of Bengal. He was born on September 26, 1820, at Birsingha in Paschim Medinipur. Thakurdas Bandopadhyay was his father and his mother was Bhagabati Debi. He had his early education at village pathshala. Later, he had his education from Sanskrit College. He was a great social reformer. He fought to abolish child marriage, Sati custom and to introduce widow marriage. His famous writings include Betaal Panchabinsati, Bodhodoy, Upakramanika, Borno Porichoy, Sitar Bonobas, etc. He was known as ‘the ocean of learning’ for his deep knowledge. He was very kind-hearted also. That is why he was known as “the ocean of kindness’. This nobleman died on July 29, 1891. He will be remembered forever for his contributions.

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Part- 2 coming soon…..

PROCESS WRITING CLASS-IX & X

PROCESS WRITING

What is process writing?

A process stands for a number of activities performed to have a particular result.

How to write a process:

1. There must be a heading in capital letters at the top of the writing.

2. Process writing should start with an introductory sentence.

3. Add in each sentence one of these linkers—-At first, Then, After that, Next, Later, At last, Thus, Finally, etc.

4. Process writing is generally written in passive voice construction (is/are+V3).

5. The flowchart /points /hints should be used to write the process writing.

1. Using the following flowchart Make a paragraph on how to make a preparation of Tomato jelly.

Flow-chart: buying or collecting ripe tomatoes—-sorting and removing the bad ones—–cleaning and washing—-smashing and extracting the juice—seeds separated—-boiling for about thirty minutes—-sugar chilli and a little salt added towards the end of boiling—-jelly prepared—–cooled and bottled.

PREPARATION OF TOMATO JELLY

Tomato jelly is a delicious item which is taken either with bread or biscuits. several stages are followed to prepare it. Firstly, tomatoes are brought from the market. Then, they are cleaned in freshwater and bad ones are sorted out. The rotten ones are removed. Then, they are smashed well. The juice is extracted. After that, the extracted juice is boiled for half an hour. Next, towards the end of boiling, the required amount of sugar, salt, and chilies are added. When boiling is over, the pot is left for cooling. Now, the jelly is ready. It is then bottled. It may be either used at home or sold in the market.

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2. Using the following flowchart write a paragraph on how a school magazine is published.

Flow-chart: introduction —-students selected for the editorial board—- manuscripts—– collected writings—- sorted—– proof checking done —–manuscripts printed—– distributed to all.

PUBLICATION OF SCHOOL MAGAZINE

The magazine is published almost in all the schools. School magazine helps the students express their creativity. Several stages are followed to publish a school magazine. Firstly, for the publication of the magazine, an editorial board is formed with selected students and teachers. Then, the manuscripts are collected from the students. The printable writings are sorted and proof checking is done by the members of the board. Next, the selected manuscripts are printed into magazines. Finally, those magazines are distributed among the students and the Teachers.

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3. Using the following flow chart make a paragraph on how Mango pickle is prepared.

Flow-chart: buying or collecting green mangoes from the market—sorting and removing the skin——cutting into pieces—–spices, salt, mustard oil and chili mixed—–kept in a flat pot—–kept under sunlight—–poured into the jar.

PREPARATION OF MANGO PICKLE

Mango pickle is delicious food. Several stages are followed to prepare it. At first, green mangoes are bought from the market. Then, they are sorted and rotten once are removed.
Next, the skin is removed and they are cut into pieces. After that, different types of spices, salt mustard oil, and chilli are added and mixed properly. Then, they are kept in a big flat pot in the sunlight. Finally, when it is poured into the jar so that it can be used throughout the year.

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4. Using the following flow chart make a paragraph on how tea is prepared.

Flow-chart: pour cold water in a kettle—- boil it until vapour comes out —–put tea leaf in a teapot—– pour boiled water in the teapot and leave it for 2 minutes —–add sugar and milk and stare with a teaspoon —–pour it in cups —-serve it hot.

PREPARATION OF TEA

Tea is an energy-giving drink which gives us instant energy. We cordially welcome our guests with cups of tea. Several stages are followed to prepare it. At first, cold water is poured into a kettle.
Next, the kettle is put on a burning oven. After that, the water is boiled until vapour comes out. Thereafter, some tea leaves are put in a teapot. Next, the boiled water is poured into the teapot and it is left for only 2 minutes. Next, sugar and milk are mixed with it and it is stirred with a teaspoon. Finally, it is poured in caps and served hot.

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5. Using the following charts make a paragraph on how cake is prepared.

Flow-chart: introduction— a cup of flour taken—- a teaspoon of baking powder and 3 eggs added —-sugar and butter mixed—– stirred for 5 minutes —-baked at a certain temperature—- chocolate syrup poured—-cashew nuts added—- cooled for sometimes —- cake is ready.

PREPARATION OF CAKE

Cake is a very popular food among all of us in winter. Several stages are followed to prepare it. At first, a cup of flour is taken in a container. Then the other ingredients like a teaspoon of baking powder and 3 eggs are added. Next, the mixture is well stirred for about 5 minutes. After that, the mixture is poured into a pot. Next, at a certain temperature, the mixture is baked for about 20 minutes. thereafter, chocolate syrup is poured into this mixture for additional taste. Then, cherries, cashew nuts, and dry fruits are added to it for garnishing. Then, it is left to cool for some time. Finally, cake is ready to eat.

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Part-2 coming soon

LETTER TO HEADMASTER FOR CLASS IX & X

LETTER TO HEADMASTER

1. Write an application or letter to the Headmaster of your school as you had been absent from school for two days due to your serious illness.

Το

The Headmaster

G.B.N.P.H.S.(H.S)

Gobindatola , Dalelpara

Murshidabad , 742113

Sub: Application for leave of absence.

Sir,

Most respectfully I, Surajit Das a student of your school, am informing you through this application letter that I had been suffering from sickness since the last few days. So, I was unable to attend the classes yesterday last two days. I have a severe attack of fever, cough, and cold, and vomiting.

I request you to please accept my leaves from Thursday, April 23 to onward. As early as I get recovered and after betterment in health I come to report you and join my classes. so, accepting my request, I would be grateful to you.

Thanking you. yours obediently,

Vill-Dalelpara. Surajit Das

G.B.P.H.S(H.S). Class-IX

Date:26.04.2021. Sec-A, Roll-01

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2. Write a letter or an application to the Headmaster/Headmistress of your school seeking leave for three days to visiting your ailing Grandmother.

To
The Headmaster
G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S)
Gobindatola, Dalelpara
Murshidabad, 742113

Subject: Application for leave of absence.

Respected Sir,

With due respect, I would like to inform you that my grandmother has fallen ill as she is naturally getting on age. She has been hospitalized too. Naturally, I should be with her as I am very fond of her. Most probably, it would take three days to visit her and return to attend classes once again.

Therefore, I hope that you would be kind enough to permit me to grant me a leave of absence for those days.

Thanking you.           Yours obediently,
Vill – Dalelpara.           Surajit Das
G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S).         Class – IX
Date: 26.04.2021.        Sec-A, Roll-01

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3.write a letter to the Headmaster about the tree plantation programme in school.

To
The Headmaster
G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S)
Gobindatola, Dalelpara
Murshidabad, 742113

Sub: For the tree plantation programme.

Sir,
We are the students of your school of class ix and x beg to state that we have decided to take up a tree plantation programme on the ground of our school. Our teachers S. Roy, S Bhattacharya the games teacher, and the biology teacher respectively have agreed to advise and guide us in this matter. The required plants can be procured from the local panchayat free of cost. The teachers and the students have decided to start the program at 2 p.m. Saturday 2nd March 2021.

Therefore, We earnestly invite you to open this plantation programme on the said date. You are also requested to give a lecture on the effect of plantation on the environment.

Thanking you,                  Your faithfully
                                             1. Chinmoy Das
Gobindatola,Dalelpara, 2. Kiran sarkar
                                              3. Riya Roy &
Date:25/02/2021                others

4. Write a letter to the Headmaster or Headmistress of your school for a character certificate.

To
The Headmaster
G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S)
Gobindatola, Dalelpara
Murshidabad, 742113

Sub: Prayer for a Character Certificate.

Respected sir,
                           I beg to state that I, Raj Das, student of class 9 of your school, badly need a character certificate. I need a membership for the British council library. According to their rules, acquiring a membership character certificate is much needed.

                          Therefore I will be highly obliged if you kindly issue me a character certificate by which I will be able to get my membership. This membership will help me a lot for my studies.

   Thanking you.          Yours obediently,
                                         Raj Das
                                         Class-IX,
                                         Sec-A, Roll No-1

Date:11/04/2021

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LETTER TO FRIEND , MOST IMPORTANT LETTER WRITING SKILLS QUESTIONS- ANSWERS FOR MADHYAMIK 2021 , LETTER WRITING FOR CLASS VIII ,IX ,X – Part -1

LETTER TO FRIEND

1. Write a letter to your friend stating him/her about your daily life.

                                              Kashiganj
                                              Jiaganj
                                              Murshidabad
                                              742123
                                              25/11/2020

My dear Raj,

I received your letter the day before yesterday. Thank you so much for your valuable letter. I am happy to know that you as well as your family is very well by the grace of God.

I write this particular letter to share with you how I usually spend my daily life. My daily life is very simple. I get up very early in the morning and have a cup of tea with biscuits. After that, I go outside for a morning walk. After returning home, I go out for Tuition. When I reach home, I sit down to study until 10:30 A.M. Then, I bathe and leave for school. After school breaks up, I go to the field for playing. At about 06:30 P.M, I sit down to study, and it goes on till 9:30 P.M. Then, I watch TV and have a meal. After that, I study for 45 minutes and finally go to bed . This is my daily life. I expect that you will share your daily life too.

I also hope that you will keep sending me your valuable letters regularly. Please convey my regards to your parents and accept my cordial love. I will be badly waiting for your next letter.

Raj Das. Yours ever,
   C/O – Kamal Das                Samiran
   Vill- Gobindatola
   P.O-Dalelpara
   P.S-Bhagwangola
   Dist-Murshidabad
   Pin-742113

                   *******B.D********

2. Write a letter to your friend inviting him/her to your sister’s marriage/wedding.

My dear Raj,

I received your letter the day before yesterday. Thank you so much for your valuable letter. I am happy to know that you as well as your family is very well by the grace of God.

You will be very happy to know that the marriage of my sister Riya will be solemnised on 27/12/2020. You are invited to attend the function. The marriage party will arrive from Lalgola on the 26th of December at 10 p.m. The reception will be held at our residence at 7:00 p.m. the next day. The bridegroom is a high school teacher. Many relatives and friends are yet to come the marriage party. We have decided to celebrate the marriage magnificently. Please come one day before the marriage ceremony .

I also hope that you will keep sending me your valuable letters regularly. Please convey my regards to your parents and accept my cordial love. I will be badly waiting for your next letter.

Raj Das, Yours ever,
   C/O – Kamal Das                Samiran
   Vill- Gobindatola
   P.O-Dalelpara
   P.S-Bhagwangola
   Dist-Murshidabad
   Pin-742113

************B.D.**********

3. Write a letter to your friend describing how you propose to spend your holidays after the madhyamik /H.S examination.
Or
write a letter to your friend or cousin telling him or her what you intend to do after the madhyamik examination.

My dear Raj,

I received your letter the day before yesterday. Thank you so much for your valuable letter. I am happy to know that you as well as your family is very well by the grace of God.

            As you know, our Madhyamik examinations, starting from 10th June and continue up to 27th June. After the examination, I have a huge time for traveling. so, as soon as the examination will be over, I would like to propose to spend the holidays at my uncle’s house in Kolkata. There are various places to see in Kolkata such as Victoria Memorial, Vidyasagar Setu, Howrah Bridge, Botanical Garden, etc. I hope, you will accompany me. We will have great fun over there.

          I also hope that you will keep sending me your valuable letters regularly. Please convey my regards to your parents and accept my cordial love. I will be badly waiting for your next letter.

Raj Das, Yours ever,

   C/O – Kamal Das                Samiran
   Vill- Gobindatola
   P.O-Dalelpara
   P.S-Bhagwangola
   Dist-Murshidabad
   Pin-742113

***********B.D***********

4. Write a letter to your friend about your favorite hobby.

My dear Raj,

I received your letter the day before yesterday. Thank you so much for your valuable letter. I am happy to know that you as well as your family is very well by the grace of God.

       I am writing this letter to let you know that I have developed a hobby for the past six months. My hobby is gardening because I love gardening. As a Student, I have to give my maximum time to reading and writing. I study regularly. So I feel tired sometimes, I need relaxation. Gardening provides me that much-needed relaxation for me. I like to take care of the plants. I water them regularly. My garden becomes Paradise when the plants are blessed with flowers. I feel to take care of the plants, trees mean to take care of our mother nature. It is a matter of regret that our environment is being polluted day by day. I have some extra mental satisfaction because my gardening is finally helping to restore normalcy for the eco-system. I propose you to develop this hobby. By the way, if you have any particular hobby, please don’t forget to let me know.

          I also hope that you will keep sending me your valuable letters regularly. Please convey my regards to your parents and accept my cordial love. I will be badly waiting for your next letter.

Raj Das, Yours ever,

   C/O – Kamal Das                Samiran
   Vill- Gobindatola
   P.O-Dalelpara
   P.S-Bhagwangola
   Dist-Murshidabad
   Pin-742113

***********B.D***********

5. Writing a letter to your friend inviting him, or her to your home during the summer. You should clearly state why you are inviting him or her, especially in summer.

My dear Raj,

I received your letter the day before yesterday. Thank you so much for your valuable letter. I am happy to know that you as well as your family is very well by the grace of God.

You have written that your School will be closed for the summer vacation from the 3rd of May. I invite you to come to my house and spend a week with us. You know very well that Summer is the season of mangoes and litchis in West Bengal. Besides, the environment will refresh your mind and make you energetic. Moreover, your monotonous life will be revived in the countryside.

All the members of our family will be very glad to have you in our midst. Please try your best to reserve a week for visiting us and let me know about your arrival date and time so that I can receive you at the railway station.

I also hope that you will keep sending me your valuable letters regularly. Please convey my regards to your parents and accept my cordial love. I will be badly waiting for your next letter.

Raj Das, Yours ever,

   C/O – Kamal Das                Samiran
   Vill- Gobindatola
   P.O-Dalelpara
   P.S-Bhagwangola
   Dist-Murshidabad
   Pin-742113

***********B.D***********

Thank you for visiting our website.

Keep visiting for the letter writing part- 2

Most important notice writing 2021-part -2

5. As the secretary of your local club, write a notice about a blood donation camp that your club has organized.

  Date:01/12/2020
               [ Kashignj Five Star Club]
                             NOTICE
              (For a blood donation camp)

It is hereby notified that our club has arranged a voluntary blood donation camp on 10 /12/2020, at 11 a.m at the club premises as a social service. It is known to all that the necessity of blood in the crisis period. keeping that in mind, the locals are requested to donate their blood. Those who are willing to donate blood are requested to enlist their names on or before 7/12/2020. Few drops of your blood may revive a dying person. The programme will be inaugurated by the Respected chairman of Jiaganj- Azimganj Prosenjit Ghosh. Dr.K.Deb, MBBS, a famous physician of Kalyani J.N.M Hospital, will conduct the donation camp. The donors are requested to contact the undersigned to get the necessary information. Your co-operation will make the programme a grand success.

Seal of the club Arup Roy,
Secretary of
Five Star Club

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6. Suppose you are the captain of the cultural sub-committee in your school. Your school is going to organize the Annual sports. Write a notice inviting students to participate in the event.

Date: 20/11/2020

                      [ G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S)]
                              NOTICE
                  (For Annual sports)

It is hereby notified that our school is going to organize the Annual sports on 3rd December 2020, at our school playground. There will be held all kinds of games like race, long jump, high jump, sack race, needle race, spoon race, etc. The interested students who want to participate in it are requested to enlist their names to the undersigned on or before 1st December 2020. They are also requested to mention any three events each in which they want to take part. For further details, you may contact the undersigned.

Countersigned by Karan Das,
Santosh Kr Mondal The captain Headmaster Cultural sub-
G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S) committee
G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S)

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7. Your school is going to host the inter-school district sports competition. suppose you are the secretary of the Sports Club in your school. Write a notice calling students to participate in the competition. Mention the time, datę, and venue of the competition. Your notice would be countersigned by the Headmaster/Headmistress of your school.

Date: 20/11/2020

                      [ G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S)]
                              NOTICE
              (Inter-school district sports competition)

All the students of Gobindatola B.N.Pandey High school(H.S) are hereby notified that our school is going to organize an inter- School district sports competition in our school ground on 5th December 2020 at 10 am. The competition will include athletic items like 100 mt, 200 mt, and 400 mt races, board jump, high jump, and pole vault, etc. Students of class 8 to 12 can take part in the competition. A trial and hit will be arranged for selecting the eligible competitors for the main competition. Interested students should register their names to our game teacher before 1st, December 2020. Each competitor can compete in any two of the items mentioned above. No registration fee is required for participating in the competition. For any further information, the undersigned may be contacted.

    Countersigned by Samit Mandal
    Santosh kr Mondal.      Secretary,
    Headmaster.                  Sports Club
    G.B.N.P.H.S.(H.S) G.B.N.P.H.S.(H.S)

         *********B.D**********

8. Suppose you are the Secretary of the magazine committee of your school. Write a notice for the students of their contribution to it.

Date:7.08.2021
                     [G.B.N.P.H.S (H.S)]
                              NOTICE
                  (For school Magazine)

All the students of Gobindatola B.N.Pandey High school (H.S) are hereby notified that the Magazine(Dishari) of our school will be published just after summer vacation. so the students are requested to submit their articles like essays, stories, short stories, poems, travelogues, etc. to their respective class teachers on or before before 20th September 2021. Your attention is drawn to the fact that the writings must be brief and of your own language. You are also requested to produce in a simple and lucid way. The article should not exceed 500 words. The articles should be written on one side of the page. Those which will not be selected will not be returned. For further details if necessary, students may contact the undersigned.

   Countersigned by Samit Mondal,
   Santosh Kr Mondal.      Secretary,
   Headmaster.                  Magazine
                                             Committee   G.B.N.P.H.S.(H.S) G.B.N.P.H.S.(H.S )

**********B.D*********

9. Suppose you are the captain of your school. write a notice for the students of your school requesting them to participate in a programme entitled ‘keep your school clean’.

Date:10.07.2021
                     [G.B.N.P.H.S (H.S)]
                              NOTICE
                  (Keep your school clean)

All the students of Gobindatola B.N.Pandey High school (H.S) are hereby notified that our school is going to organise ‘keep our school clean’ programme in our school on 5th August,2021 from 11.30 a.m.So, Rooms will be Swept and washed with phenyl water. We must have to make our surroundings clean to keep ourselves fit and healthy. The monitor of each section should bring along with the broom and bucket from their house. Phenyl will be supplied by the school. Monitors are also requested to guide the students of their sections to take part in the cleaning operation. For more details, you may contact the undersigned.

    Countersigned by Samit Mondal,
    Santosh Kr Mondal. Captain,
    Headmaster. Eco- Club        G.B.N.P.H.S.(H.S) G.B.N.P.H.S.(H.S)

************B.D *************

10. As a secretary of the eco-club of your school, write a notice requesting the students to participate in the ‘Tree plantation programme’ of your school.

Date: 10.07.2021
                     [G.B.N.P.H.S (H.S)]
                              NOTICE
            (Tree plantation programme)

All the students of Gobindatola B.N.Pandey High school (H.S) are hereby notified that the eco-club of our school is going to organise a tree plantation programme in our school on 10th August 2021. Saplings will be supplied at free of cost by kuthirampur Gram Panchayat. Students are requested to plant the saplings all around our school compound by each class unit of the school. The students of each class unit of the school must maintain these saplings in the following years. Monitors are requested to meet the undersigned for discussing the details of the programme on 2nd, August 2021. All the other students are also requested to take part in this programme.

     Countersigned by Samit Monal,
    Santosh Kr Mondal. Secretary,
    Headmaster. Eco- Club         G.B.N.P.H.S.(H.S) G.B.N.P.H.S.(H.S)

***********B.D**********

Tales of Bhola Grandpa All Questions – Answers IX

Tales of Bhola Grandpa.

1, When did Bhola Grandpa let out a loud wail?

As soon as Bhola Grandpa realized that his grandson was not with him, he cried out after being reminded by one of the members of the party.

2. Where had the grandson found a cosy shelter?

The missing grandson of Bhola Grandpa had found a cosy shelter under a cow’s belly.

3. What request did Bhola Grandpa make to the first man he saw on the mound?

Bhola Grandpa requested the first man he saw on the mound to give him water to drink.

4 How old was Bhola Grandpa’s wife when he died?

When Bhola Grandpa passed away, his wife was eighty years old.

5. Why was no real treasure found under the sand dunes?

Bhola Grandpa saw a reverie. In his reverie, he had seen a gang of pirates burying riches in one of the sand dunes. That is why no real treasure was found under the sand dunes.

6. What did the tiger do after Bhola Grandpa had climbed up the banyan tree?

Having seen the tiger, Bhola Grandpa instantly climbed up a nearby banyan tree. Then, the tiger roared and walked around the tree about a hundred times. At last, being tired, it settled down under a bush but kept watchful eyes on him.

7. What was the reason’ of Bhola Grandpa’s death according to his wife?

The actual reason of Bhola Grandpa’s death was still a matter of mystery. But his wife guessed that he was dead because he might forget to breathe as he was forgetful by nature.

8. Where did Bhola grandpa and his wife live?

Bhola grandpa and his wife lived in a hut in the western part of the narrator’s village.

9. What overshadowed Bhola grandpa’s hut?

A huge Bokal tree overshadowed the hut of the Bhola grandpa.

10. Which animals lived in the bokal tree?

In the bokal tree, there lived a small troop of monkeys.

11. When was the narrator with others returning from a festival?

The narrator with others was returning from a festival on a moonlit night.

12. what happened to Bhola grandpa when he was returning from a weekly market in the evening?

When Bhola grandpa was returning from a weekly market in the evening, all of a sudden, he faced a Royal Bengal tiger.

13. Who buried the treasure in the sand dunes?

A gang of pirates buried the treasure in one of the sand dunes.

14. Who roamed freely in the jungles of the Sundarbans?

Royal Bengal tigers roamed freely in the dense jungles of the Sundarbans.

15. What did Bhola grandpa do when he saw the tiger?

when Bhola grandpa saw the tiger, he climbed up a nearby Banyan tree without any delay.

16. How long did the narrator’s father and others search for the hidden treasure?

Informed by Bhola grandpa about the treasures, the narrator’s father and others searched for the hidden treasure from afternoon to past midnight.

17. At what age Bhola grandpa left us forever?

Bhola grandpa breathed his last at the age of ninety-five.

18. What did the people usually do to protect themselves from royal Bengal tigers?

People took a lot of care to roam about only in groups, particularly after sundown to protect themselves from Royal Bengal tigers.

19. Why was the man on the mound bewildered much?

The man on the mount suddenly noticed the hungry tiger. He also saw Bhola grandpa walking past the tiger but it did not do any harm. so he was much bewildered.

20. What did Bhola grandpa dream in the middle nap?

In the middle nap, Bhola Grandpa dreamt of a gang of pirates burying a large box under one of the sand dunes on the seashore by their village.

21. How was Bhola grandpa’s grandson found?

The narrator’s father chose two sharp-eyed men to find out the missing grandson of Bhola grandpa. They went back to the festival with Bhola grandpa. The grandson was finally found under a cow’s belly.

22. Who was howling?

A pack of jackals was howling.

23. Where did Bhola grandpa have a great adventure once?

Once Bhola grandpa had a great adventure in the Sundarbans.

24. Why did Bhola grandpa almost loss his senses?

Bhola grandpa almost lost his senses in the fear of the tiger.

25. What did Bhola grandpa do remembering the tiger?

Remembering the tiger, Bhola grandpa looked at it instantly and ran back home to save his life.

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SHALL I COMPARE THEE TO A SUMMER’S DAY? / SONNET NO- 18 QUESTIONS – ANSWERS H.S 2021

SHALL I COMPARE THEE TO A SUMMER’S DAY? / SONNET NO- 18

1) What does the poet mean by “shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”

The poet wants to compare his friend’s beauty to a lovely day of summer. The comparison is made to emphasize beauty. A summer’s day is graceful and charming. The poet’s friend is also attractive in his beauty.

2) What does the poet mean by “thou art more lovely and more temperate”?

The very word ‘temperate’ means equable-neither too cold nor too hot. The word ‘temperate’ also means sweet, lovable, or soothing. The analogy leads the poet to the assertion that his friend’s beauty is much attractive, charming, and impressive. The poet contends that his friend’s beauty is ever temperate.

3)What is meant by “summer’s lease”?

‘Summer’s lease’ means the period for which the season of summer has the right to stay. The image of lease belongs to the field of law- indicates tenancy.

4) Explain the line “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May”.

In summer, the high wind often damages the lovely beauty of the little buds of May. The buds of May are sweet and tender. But the hard gale of summer sheds the loved buds of roses of May now and then in such a way to present the growth. The image suggests the early death of young love blighted{destroyed} by some greater force. The poet refers to here the destructive touch of time.

5) “Summer’s lease hath all too short a date “How does the poet substantiate his Views?

Summer is a season of beauty but it is also for a limited period. Lovely natural sights also disappear with the passing of the season. The poet says that it is so short that the sweet buds of May even cannot bloom fully before they are shaken by the violent storm.

6) What does the poet mean by “sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines”?

The poet goes to prove his assertion – ‘thou art more lovely and more temperate’. Here, the eye of heaven stands for the sun, which grows occasionally extremely hot, becomes scorching rather than pleasing.

7)What is meant by “nature’s changing course untrimmed”?

‘Nature changing course’ means the transitions and the alterations which take place as a matter of routine. ‘untrimmed ‘means spoilt by the normal course of seasons .’Trim’ means adorn or dress. In summer, nature is dressed in beauty. But the change of seasons spoils the beautiful dress of nature. Every beautiful thing or person loses external beauty or glamour because of the accidental decay.

8)What is meant by “gold complexion dimmed “?

The term ‘gold complexion’ indicates the gold-colored face of the sun – the sun’s brightness. Here, the poet says that the beauty of the sun is not as pleasant and steady as that of his friend because the sun’s brightness sometimes is dimmed.

9) What does the poet mean by “every fair from fair sometime declines “?

The poet, while comparing the beauty of his friend to that of a summer day, comments that every fair element of nature loses its beauty in course of time. Here, the word ‘fair is used for a dual purpose – the first ‘fair’ refers to a beautiful person or fair person and the second ‘fair’ means fairness or beauty. The poet here refers to the destructive power of time in the changing natural world. The inevitable ravage of time is perceived in the world of nature. Even, the lovely natural elements of summer lose their prime of beauty under the impact of the cruel hand of time

10) What does ‘eternal summer ‘mean?

11) How is its summer eternal?

12) Why shall the eternal summer not fade?

(10) Eternal summer means everlasting beauty. Here, the unfading beauty of the poet’s friend is suggested.

(11)The eternal summer of the poet’s friend is suggested here. ‘summer’ means beauty. The poet opines that his friend’s beauty is eternal, as it is not subjected to death and decay.

(12) The beauty of the poet’s friend is not subject to mutability that characterizes all earthly things. It defies the destructive time. It shall never fade because it will be given on the eternal lease of life by Shakespeare’s sonnet – sequence. The youth’s summer is not eternal in itself, but only so far as it is caught and preserved in shakes pear’s verses.

13) What is meant by his shade’?

14) What does the line mean “wanderest in his shade”.?

13)’His shade’ means the dark realm of death. Death is referred to here by ‘ his’.

14)The poet means by the line that death will not be able to capture his friend and rob him of his beauty.

15) Why does the poet say that “death shall not brag thou”?

Death shall not brag because the beauty of the poet’s friend will never die as it is preserved in Shakespeare’s sonnet-sequence. The poet is confident that his friend’s beauty is eternal.

16) What is meant by eternal lines?

17) What does the poet mean by ‘to time thou growest.?

16)’Eternal lines’ means poetry which remains eternal throughout the ages.

17) The -poet means that his fair friend will not decay but grow ever with time through the deathless lines of the poet. The poet’s friend passes from the limited span of individual life to eternity.

18) What will give life to whom and how .?

The sonnet, written by Shakespeare, will give life to his friend. The sonnet celebrating his friend’s beauty will confer immortality on him.

19) What message does the poet communicate here.?

The poet wants to express that his friend’s beauty will be immortalized in his poetry. He asserts in a challenging way that the beauty of his friend will be going on alone with the existence of his poetry.

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