BROJEN DAS

NOTICE WRITING FOR CLASS IX & X, MOST IMPORTANT NOTICE WRITING FOR MADHYAMIK.

NOTICE WRITING

What is a notice?

Notice is generally used for communication. It is issued to announce for many people. It can be seen in a notice board of schools, colleges, clubs, etc.

HOW TO WRITE A NOTICE

1. write the word NOTICE in capital letters on the top of the writing.

2. Just below the word NOTICE, write the subject briefly within the bracket about which the notice is issued.

3. Write the name of the organization over the word NOTICE within the bracket.

4. Write the date on the top right corner of the notice.

5. Signature of the authorized person who is issuing the notice should be given at the bottom right corner.

6. Notice should be countersigned by the authority if needed.

7. Seal for the notice may be used if needed.

8. Notices are written generally in passive voice constructions.

1.Write a notice informing the members of the club that a picnic has been arranged by the club. Mention the date, place, time, etc.

Date: 05/12/2020

(Kashignj Five Star Club)

NOTICE

(For the annual picnic)

It is hereby notified that the annual picnic of the club has been arranged at the Diamond Harbour on 01/2021. The members are requested to join the picnic party with their family members. A luxury bus has been hired. Each member is requested to contribute RS.2000 to the undersigned on or before 15th December 2020. We shall start from the club premises at 6 .a.m and return to the same spot at 8:00 p.m. I hope that there will be a lot of fun and laughter in the wintry mood. The co-operation of the members is earnestly solicited to make the picnic a grand success.

Seal of the club,. Arun Das,

Secretary

Kashignj F.S.C

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2. Your school is organizing a cultural competition… write a notice as the president of the cultural club of your school, informing the students about the details of the programme. you should also encourage students to participate.

Date: 01/01/2021

[(G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S)]

NOTICE

(For a cultural competition)

It is hereby notified that a cultural competition will be held on Wednesday 15/02/,2021 by the cultural club of our school in the assembly hall. The chief aim of this competition is to rouse cultural spirits among the students. The items of the cultural performances are music, recitation, dance, song, classical song, one-act-play, quiz, etc. The willing students are requested to enlist their names to the undersigned on or before January 20/01/2021. Details of the programme will be available in the school office. For further information, if any, you may contact the undersigned.

Countersigned by Samit Mondal,

Santosh Kr Mondal President of

The Headmaster Cultural club

G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S) G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S)

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3. Imagine that you are the secretary of the tour committee of your school. The committee has decided to go to Darjeeling on an excursion. Write a notice informing the students of the programme and request them to participate.

Date- 21/11/2020

[(G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S)]

NOTICE

( Educational tour)

It is hereby notified that the tour committee of our school has arranged an excursion to Darjeeling. The excursion will be for four days. A luxury bus has been hired. The bus will start from the school premises on December 21st at 10 A.M.It is expected that we shall return from Darjeeling at 8 p.m on 25th December. Those who are willing to participate in the excursion are requested to enlist their names and deposit RS 1200/- to their respective class teachers on or before December 5th,2020. Students are also requested to bring with them some essential things such as toothpaste, toothbrush, medicines, winter wear, etc. For further information, if any, you may contact the undersigned.

Countersigned by Prasanta Das,

Santosh Kr Mondal Secretary of tour

Headmaster of Committee

G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S) G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S)

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4. As the secretary of your school, write a notice inviting subscriptions to the fund you are raising for Some of the flood-affected districts of West Bengal.

Date-20/09/2020

[(G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S)]

NOTICE

(For Subscriptions)

It is hereby notified that our school has decided to send relief funds for Some of the flood-affected districts of West Bengal. All students of the school are requested to contribute to the fund of the school generously. The contributions will be deposited to the secretary of the school from 01 to 10 October from 11 a.m to 2 p.m every day. On 15th October the contributions will be sent to the disastrous flood areas through the Relief Fund of the chief minister. Your contributions will be cordially accepted.

Countersigned by Raju Sarkar,

Santosh Kr Mondal Secretary of

Headmaster Students’ welfare

G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S) committee

G.B.N.P.H.S(H.S)

*********B.D********

PARAGRAPH WRITING QUESTION ANSWER FOR CLASS IX ,X,XI

PARAGRAPH WRITING

– Prepared by Brojen Das

What is paragraph writing?

A paragraph is consisted of a group of sentences on some particular topic and there should have a complete presentations and logical ideas.

How to write a paragraph?

1. In a paragraph, the sentences should be simple, lucid, short, and clear.
2. There must be a series of the logical development of thoughts and ideas.
3. All the given hints or points or outlines must be included in a paragraph.
4. A paragraph must have a very good title.
5. Paragraph should be started with an introductory sentence after giving a suitable title.
6. It’s better to use simple and short sentences.
7. Don’t write complicated sentences.
8. There must be a concluding sentence in a paragraph.

1. Write a paragraph on a book you have recently read.

Points: title of the book —author— content —-your impression —-its effect on your mind.

A book I have recently read

Now a days we are so much busy with the books of our syllabus but whenever I get the opportunity and have some time, I would like to spend my time reading the books other than the syllabus. Recently I have read the book named Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift. I have read the first part of the book. The very first part includes Gulliver’s expectations and his adventures to the land of Lilliputs. Really it’s a magnificent imaginary travel story that shows the masterpiece of Swift. It’s a satire on human nature. While going through the book I imagine myself sometimes to be in the land of Lilliputs. The first part of the book creates an impression on my mind and I am eagerly waiting to read the remaining three parts of the story whenever I get my leisure time.

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2. Write a paragraph on your aim in life.

Points: what you want to be— why you want to be— your future plan— who inspires you—- effectiveness in the society — conclusion.

MY AIM IN LIFE

The aim is something which takes you to your destination. Everyone should have an aim in his or her life. Aim stands for your preparation, your future plan, your determination, your strong will, your willpower. No one can be successful in his or her life without any aim. My aim in my life is to be a teacher. I am greatly inspired to be a teacher by one of my best teachers named Ranajit Biswas ( We lovingly call him Kushi Daa). Teaching is a noble profession. It gives me extra pleasure to do something for the students, for the society. I think if I can be a teacher in future it will be a real satisfaction for me in every aspect of my life.
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3. Write a paragraph on a memorable day in your life.

A MEMORABLE DAY IN MY LIFE

We would like to preserve many happy or sad incidents in our memories because thes incidents finally teach us some lessons. In my childhood, I was very very naughty. I used to fight with my classmate. But I never thought that for this, one day my father was summoned to the school. My father had to feel insulted for my misdeeds. Then I took an oath that I would never fight with anyone because I don’t want to see my father being insulted for my misbehavior. That incident altered me completely. Trust me, since then I did not fight with anyone else in my life till now. That is the memorable incident in my life which changed my life totally and made me an established human being.

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4. Write a paragraph on your favorite hobby.

points: what is a hobby —-why do you choose it—- how you practice it—what is the benefit you get from it.

MY FAVOURITE HOBBY

Hobby means a passion or work which gives him or her a different kind of mental satisfaction during his or her leisure time. My hobby is gardening because I love gardening. As a Student, I have to give my maximum time to reading and writing. I study regularly. So I feel tired sometimes, I need relaxation. Gardening provides me that much needed relaxation for me. I like to take care of the plants. I water them regularly. My garden becomes Paradise when the plants are blessed with flowers. Taking care of plants means taking care of our mother nature. It is a matter of regret that our environment is being polluted day by day. I have some extra mental satisfaction because my gardening is finally helping to restore normalcy for the eco-system.

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MOST IMPORTANT PHRASAL VERBS FOR MADHYAMIK FOR 2020 / PHRASAL VERBS/WHAT IS A PHRASAL VERB?

PHRASAL VERBS OR GROUP VERBS

What is a phrasal verb?

When a verb takes one or two prepositions after it and it creates an idiomatic or complicated meaning, this is called a phrasal verb or group verb, or a prepositional verb.

Examples:

1. Please send for a doctor.

2. The old man passed away last night.

How to perform the phrasal verb in the exam?

Let us Learn Quickly:

(A) The patient is recovering gradually.

[ coming round ]

(As there is ‘ing‘ ending in the underlined verb ‘recover‘, so ‘ing‘ also has to be added with the phrasal verb “come round”(come+ing=coming). If you put the right phrasal verb “come round” in the given boxes but you don’t add ‘ing'(come+ing=coming) with phrasal verb then it is incorrect.)

( Come round changes into coming round)

2. He has already summoned the doctor.

[Sent for]

‘ summoned’ is the past participle verb form as it comes after the helping verb ‘has‘. As the underlined verb is in the past participle form, so the phrasal verb has to be changed into past participle form similarly.

( “send for” becomes “sent for”)

3. Overeating affects your health.

[ Acts upon]

Here, ‘s’ is added with the underlined verb. Similarly, ‘s’ or ‘es’ has to be added with the phrasal verb.

(“act upon” changes into “acts upon”)

[List: Send for,Act upon, come round]

So, it is hoped that you understand what phrasal verb is called and how to perform phrasal verbs in the examination changing the right forms of the verbs.

***Most important selected only 60 phrasal verbs are given below for madhyamik examination.

[ ] 1.Act upon/on – (ক্ষতি করে)- Affect, causes harm

[ ] 2.Bear away/off – (জয় করে নেওয়া) – Win

[ ] 3.Bear up -( মনের জোর বজায় রাখা) -sustain

[ ] 4.Bear with -(সহ্য করা) – Tolerate, stand,bear,put up with.

[ ] 5.Blow off – (নির্গত করা) – Emit

[ ] 6.Blow out – ( নেভানো) – Extinguish,put out

[ ] 7.Blow up – ( বিস্ফোরণের সাহায্যে উড়িয়ে দেওয়া) – Destroy by explosion

[ ] 8.Break into – (ভেঙে প্রবেশ করা) -Enter by force/ forcefully

[ ] 9.Break off – (হঠাৎ থেমে যাওয়া) – Stop suddenly

[ ] 10.Break out – (হঠাৎ ছড়িয়ে পড়া) -Spread suddenly

[ ] 11.Break up – (বন্ধ হওয়া) -Close

[ ] 12.Bring about – (ঘটানো) – Cause to happen

[ ] 13.Bring down – (নিম্নমুখী করা) -Reduce, cut down

[ ] 14.Bring out – (ছাপিয়ে প্রকাশ করা) -Publish

[ ] 15.Bring up – (প্রতিপালন করা) – Rear

[ ] 16.Call at – ( কোন জায়গায় যাওয়া) – Visit

[ ] 17.Call for – (চাওয়া) – Demand

[ ] 18.Call in – (ডেকে পাঠানো) -summon ,Send for

[ ] 19.Call up (স্মরণ করা) – Remember, recall

[ ] 20.Carry on – (চালিয়ে যাওয়া) -Continue,go on ,

[ ] 21.Carry out – (মান্য করা) – Obey

[ ] 22.Come about – (ঘটা) – Happen

[ ] 23.Come across – (দেখতে পাওয়া) -Meet

[ ] 24.Come by – (পাওয়া) – Get

[ ] 25.Come of – ( জন্মগ্রহণ করা) – To be born

[ ] 26.Come round – ( আরোগ্য লাভ করা)-

Recover

[ ] 27.Cut down – (কমানো) – Reduce

[ ] 28.Do away with – ( বন্ধ হওয়া) – Abolish

[ ] 29.Deal in – (ব্যবসা করা) -Trade, Carry on business

[ ] 30.Fall out – (কলহ করা) – Quarrel

31.Fall through – (ব্যর্থ হাওয়া) – Fail

32.Find out -(খুঁজে বার করা) – Detect,

33.Give away – (বিতরণ করা) -Distribute, donate

34.Give in – (বশ্যতা স্বীকার করা) – Yield, surrender

35.Give off – (নি‌ঃসূত করা) -Emit

36.Give up – (পরিত্যাগ করা). Leave, stop, change ( bad habits)

37.Go through – (পড়া) Read

38.Go up – (বৃদ্ধি পাওয়া) -Increase

39.Keep up – (বজায় রাখা) – Maintain

40.Lay by – (সঞ্চয় করা) -Save

41.Lay down – (বিসর্জন দেওয়া) – Sacrifice

42.Look after – ( দেখাশোনা করা) – Take care of

43.Look down upon – (ঘৃণা করা) -Hate, disrespect, detest,

45.Look for – (খোজা) – Search

46.Look into – (তদন্ত করা) – Examine

47.Make out – ( বুঝতে পারা) – Understand

48.Make up for – ( ক্ষতিপূরণ করা) -Compensate

49.Pass away – (মারা যাওয়া) – Die

50.Put down – (লেখা) -Write

51.Put off – (খুলে ফেলা) – Remove

52.Put off – ( স্থগিত রাখা)-Postpone

53.Put on – ( পরিধান করা) – Wear

54.Put out – (নিভিয়ে দেওয়া) -Extinguish

55.Run after.- (পিছু ধাওয়া করা) – Chase

56.Run over – ( গাড়ি চাপা পড়া) -Knocked

57.Take after – (সদৃশ হওয়া) -Resemble

58.Turn up – (উপস্থিত হওয়া) -Appear, Arrive

59.Work out -(সমাধান করা)-Solve

60.Send for – (ডেকে পাঠানো) -Summon

61. Turn down – প্রত্যাখ্যান করা-reject

62. Set up- স্থাপন করা- establish, start a business

**************”B.D************

VOICE CHANGE’ ACTIVE VOICE & PASSIVE VOICE WITH ALL DIFFERENT PARTS

THE CHANGE OF VOICE

—- Prepared by Brojen Das

WHAT IS VOICE?

Voice is the form of the verb which always shows whether the subject acts or is acted upon.

There are two kinds of voices:-

ACTIVE VOICE:

When the subject of the sentence is the ‘actor’, the verb is Active.

He plays football.

(B) PASSIVE VOICE: when the subject of the sentence is acted upon, the verb is passive.

Football is played by him.

Rules for changing the active voice into the passive:-

1. In the active voice, the object becomes the subject in the Passive voice.

2. In active voice, the subject becomes the object in the passive voice.

3. A helping verb is used according to tenses.

4. The main verb is changed into the past participle form of the verb(3rd form).

5. The preposition ‘by’ is placed after the past participle form of the verb. ( The preposition ‘ by’ is not always used)

6. In the case of two objects, the personal object is changed into a subject and the other object remains as an object.

7. At first, find out the object of the verb by asking ‘ What'(inanimate object) or ‘Whom'(person), then go for performing the change of voice.

8. Personal pronouns are to be changed into objective cases.

I —– me

We—-us

You —-you

He —-him

She —- her

They—-them

9. After modal verbs ‘ be’ is generally placed.

Object+ modal verb+ be+ v3.

10. If there is an ‘ing'(verb+ing) ending in any kind of continuous tenses, ‘being’ is generally placed.

Object+ am /is/are/was/were/be+ being+v3.

11. In case of any perfect tenses ‘been’ is generally used after ‘have’ or ‘has’ or ‘had’ in passive voices.

1) VOICE CHANGE WITH AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES:

( PRESENT TENSE)

Examples:

1. I play football every day. (Active voice)

Football is played by me every day. ( passive voice)

2. she is reading a book.

A book is being read by her.

3. I have helped her.

she has been helped by me.

( PAST TENSE )

Examples:

1. She obeyed me.

I was obeyed by her.

2. They were riding cycles.

Cycles were being ridden by them.

3 . she had cut her finger.

Her finger had been cut by her.

(FUTURE TENSE)

Examples:

1. I shall do it.

It will be done by me.

2. He will be doing the work.

The work will be being done by him.

3. He will have played cricket.

Cricket will have been played by him.

2. VOICE CHANGE WITH NEGATIVE SENTENCE:

****(Keep in mind one thing….In Negative sentences, ‘not’ has to be put after the helping verb)

Examples:

1. He does not help me.

I am not helped by him.

2. He did not break the glass.

The glass was not broken by him.

3. He has not done the work.

The work has not been done by him.

4. He will not buy pen.

pen will not be bought by him.

3. VOICE CHANGE WITH INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES:

http://www.brojendasenglish.com

Rule: Interrogative sentence? (A.v)

Make it an Assertive sentence. (A.v)

Change the voice. (P.v)

Again make it an Interrogative sentence? (P.v)

Examples:

1. Do you like me? ( interrogative)

You like me. (It is changed into assertive)

I am liked by you. (passive is done)

Am I liked by you? (Again it is made interrogative)

2.Did you help me?

You helped me.

I was helped by you.

Was I helped by you? ( Main Answer)

3. Have you killed the tiger?

you have killed the tiger.

The tiger has been killed by you.

Has the tiger been killed by you? (Answer)

4.Shall I do it?

I shall do it.

It will be done by me.

Will it be done by me? (Answer)

4. VOICE CHANGE WITH IMPERATIVE SENTENCES:

1.Let + object+ be+ 3rd form of verb.

*****( Let is generally used if an object is available in the active voice in imperative sentences)

2.You are requested to +v1…..(if the statement denotes any request)

3.You are ordered/commanded to+v1 ……(if the statement denotes any kind of order or comment)

4.you are advised to+v1 …..( If the statement denotes any advice)

Examples:

1.Open the book.

Let the book be opened. (Here, the sentence begins with ‘Let’ because we are having here the object ‘the book’)

2. please come here.

you are requested to come here.

3.Stand up.

you are ordered to stand up.

4.Be honest.

you are advised to be honest.

5. VOICE CHANGE WITH DOUBLE OBJECTS:

( See rule no-6)

Example-

1.He gave me a pen.

I was given a pen by him.

2.He has gifted me a book.

I have been gifted a book by him.

3.I shall give you a nice phone.

You will be given a nice phone by me.

6. VOICE CHANGE WITH PHRASAL VERBS:

Examples:

1.He laughed at me.

I was laughed at by him.

2 He listens to our teacher.

Our teacher is listened to by her.

7. VOICE CHANGE WITH INFINITIVES:

*****(Here ‘ be’ is to be added after ‘to’; then the main verb is to be changed into the past participle form or 3rd form)

Examples:

1.I have to do it.

It has to be done by me.

2.We are to buy a car.

A car is to be bought by us.

3.There is no time to waste.

There is no time to be wasted.

8. VOICE CHANGE WITH INDEFINITE PRONOUNS:

( Indefinite pronouns such as all, another, any, anybody, anything, each, everybody/everyone, everything, few, many, nobody, none, one, several, some, somebody/someone must be omitted in the passive voice)

Examples:

1. Someone snatched my gold chain.

Gold chain was snatched. ( by someone is omitted)

2. someone stole my cycle.

My cycle was stolen.

3.One can do this easily.

This can be done easily.

9. VOICE CHANGE WITH QUASI PASSIVE VOICE:

Examples:

1.Honey tastes sweet.

Honey is sweet when it is tasted.

2.The book reads interesting.

The book is interesting when it is read.

3.The rose smells sweet.

The rose is sweet when it is smelt.

10. VOICE CHANGE MODAL VERBS

( Can, Could, May, Might, Must, ought to, etc)

Examples:

1.I can solve the sum.

The sum can be solved by me.

2.May I do this?

May this be done by me?

3.You ought to do this.

This ought to be done by you.

11. VOICE CHANGE WITH WH QUESTIONS:

(Here’ ‘Who’ changes into ‘Whom’ and ‘Whom’ changes into ‘Who’)

*** (The way the Interrogative sentence has been performed in the same it has to be performed but W.H word has to be placed at the very beginning of the sentence).

Examples:

1. Who killed the dog?

By whom was the dog killed?

2. Whom do you like most?

Who is liked by you most?

3. Why did the teacher beat you?

Why were you beaten by the teacher?

4. How did you open the door?

How was the door opened by you?

12. VOICE CHANGE WITH INTRANSITIVE VERBS WITH COGNATE OBJECTS:

Examples:

1. He dreamt a horrible dream.

A horrible dream was dreamt by him.

2. He has fought a brave fight.

A brave fight has been fought by him.

3. The man slept a sound sleep.

A sound sleep was slept by the man.

13. VOICE CHANGE WITH FACTITIVE OBJECTS:

Examples:

1. We made him the captain.

He was made captain by us. (Correct)

the captain was made him by us. (Incorrect)

2. They made me king.

I was made king by them.

14. VOICE CHANGE WITH REFLEXIVE OBJECT:

Examples:

1 The girl cut herself.

The girl was cut by herself.

15. VOICE CHANGE WITH BARE INFINITIVES:

****( Bare infinitive is an infinitive used without ‘ to’ after certain verbs like bid, let, make, see, hear, need, dare, watch,h, etc.)

Examples:

1. I saw him open the book.

He was seen to open the book by me.

2. We heard him cry in the room.

He was heard to cry in the room by us.

3. I made the boy understand well.

The boy was made to understand well by me.

16. VOICE CHANGE WITH GERUNDS:

Examples:

1. I saw the crying of my mother.

I saw my mother being cried.

2. We noticed the rising of the Sun.

We noticed the sun being risen.

17. VOICE CHANGE WITH VERB WITHOUT A COMPLIMENT:

Examples:

1. The house is building.

The house is being built.

2. The goat is milking.

The goat is being milked.

18. VOICE CHANGE WITH COMPLEX SENTENCES:

Examples:

1. They hope that they can do the work on time.

It is hoped that the work can be done on time.

2. You know that Columbus discovered America.

it is known to us that America was discovered by Columbus.

19. VOICE CHANGE WITH APPROPRIATE PREPOSITION.

Examples:

1. Her behaviour shocked me.

I was shocked at her behaviour.

2. You need a shave.

A shave is needed for you.

3. This pleased Mani.

Mani was pleased with this.

4. Light filled the dining room.

The dining room was filled with light.

5. The tragedies of Shakespeare interest me.

I am interested in the tragedies of Shakespeare.

***************B.D***************

Parts of Speech

The parts of Speech mentioned below will be best for students for their better understanding as it is written in a simple way.

Parts of Speech

1. Noun– A noun is the name of a person, place, or thing.

Examples: Rahul(person), Murshidabad (place) , Pen (thing) etc.

2. Pronoun – A pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun. eg. He, She, I., etc.

Ram(noun) is a boy. He (pronoun) goes to school.

3. Adjective– An Adjective is a word which qualifies a noun or a pronoun.

It tells the quality of noun/pronoun.

Examples: good, fast, beautiful, etc.

He is a good boy.

Lazy students fail in the exam.

4. Verb- Verb is a word that denotes some action.

Examples: Play, hit, come. etc.

He plays cricket.

5 Adverb: An adverb tells the quality of the Verb.

Examples: Carefully, attentively.

She goes slowly.

6. Preposition-lt tells the position of a noun.

Examples: in, on, at, over, under, etc.

The book is on the table.

7.Conjunction– conjunction is a word that is used to join one word to another word or one sentence to another sentence.

Examples: Do or die.

He is poor but he is happy.

8.Interjection– An interjection is used to express some sudden feeling or emotion. Examples: oh! alas! fie! etc.

Good gracious! what a big snake it is.

Good Times or Bad Times?

Good Times or Bad Times?

— Brojen Das

Hey; Do you want to be happy in your life? Do you want to lead a happy perfect life? I think all of you want it at any cost as it is the supreme aim in our life to spend a happy and carefree life.

If you think to be happy and you are always in quest of happiness, I would rather say that you should stop this sort of bullshit thinking. To be honest with you, you will never be happy forever. you must have to accept the naked reality which is sadness. You may be happy on Sunday, Tuesday, and Maximum Wednesday but you have to be sad on the rest of the days in a week.

In our everyday life, we keep on doing or thinking something so that we may get our most desert things through which we can be happy. Here reverse happens — For our excessive greed, we are thrown away into the desert of sadness.

We always desire good times and try our best to avoid hard times. Here come the questions—– why we want to be happy with our happiness always? why are We not happy with our sadness?

Let’s think deeply; have you ever thought about what your good time ultimately brings for you? —— it brings few transitory happy moments which ultimately make you blind to see the real world; to perceive the society and it also makes you a perfect romantic fool.

Although hard or bad times can not bring any happiness for you, it can give you the real picture of the people of the society where you are in. It can establish you as an experienced person .your bad days will give you huge experiences. It will make you differentiate between who are your genuine friends and fake ones.

Good times indeed give us some most important pleasant moments which we would always like to cherish in our hearts but bad times make you practical, experienced and a lone warrior who has to fight alone throughout his whole life with all the odds and obstacles in his everyday life.

So, when bad times come in your life, please don’t abuse it; don’t curse it, but please accept it as it is your real genuine well-wisher.

*************B.D***********

Metamorphosis- Pyramus and Thisbe Question Answer kalyani University BA 1st Semister

Pyramus and Thisbe

1. Who were Pyramus and Thisbe?

Pyramus and Thisbe were the lovers who were mentioned in Book IV of Ovid’s Metamorphosis. Pyramus was a Babylonian youth and Thisbe was his beloved.

2. What did prohibit Pyramus and Thisbe from meeting each other?

The families of Pyramus and Thisbe had a strong hatred for each other .so the young lovers were forbidden to meet each other.

3. How did they maintain their love?

The parents of Pyramus and Thisbe already told them not to meet or talk with each other. Despite the warnings, the lovers used to whisper with each other through a crack in the wall that separated their houses. This is how they maintained their love relation secretly and stealthily.

4. What did Pyramus and Thisbe decide?

Pyramus and Thisbe decided to meet before the tomb of Ninus on a particular day. Most probably, they had taken this decision to fulfill their physical hunger.

5. Where did Pyramus and Thisbe plan to meet? what tree grew there?

They planned to meet with each other out of the town near the tomb of Ninus where generally the young couple was supposed to meet for lovemaking.

A White mulberry tree grew over there.

6. Why did Thisbe run away?

When Thisbe was eagerly waiting for Pyramus under the mulberry tree, all of a sudden a lioness appeared there. Her mouth was covered with blood from a recent kill. Being frightened she ran away to save her life leaving her veil behind.

7. What did the lioness do after that?

The lioness started roaring then. she drank water from a stream .when she noticed the veil on the way, she tore it up with her bloody jaws.

8. Why did Pyramus kill himself?

Pyramus appeared a few minutes later under the mulberry tree. He saw the tattered veil, with the strain of blood, of his beloved. After seeing that horrible sight, he was at the highest point of sadness. He assumed that His lady love was devoured by a wild beast as he saw the lioness go to the jungle. For being late, he considered himself to be responsible for this tragedy. So, out of grief, he took out his sword and ran it through his heart. Thus, he killed himself.

9. What did Thisbe do reaching the same spot again?

After sometime Thisbe reached under the mulberry tree again. She noticed the dead body of her lover. She was completely grief-stricken then. She then stabbed herself with the same sword.

10. How did mulberry fruit become red?

When Pyramus and Thisbe committed suicide under the mulberry tree, their blood spurted all over the berries and sank to the roots. This is why, the berries which used to be white, now are red with the blood of the lovers.

11. Where have the ashes of Pyramus and Thisbe been kept?

The ashes of Pyramus and Thisbe were kept in a single urn by their parents, wished by Thisbe.